![]() Habitat is along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from the extreme southeastern corner of Virginia, south to central Florida and west to southeast Texas. Its variety name means "flint-dweller", from Latin silex and -cola. Sabina silicicola Small, Juniperus silicicola (Small) L.H.Bailey) is known as southern or sand juniper / redcedar. Cones are larger, 4–7 mm ( 3⁄ 16– 1⁄ 4 in) scale leaves are acute at apex and bark is red-brown. It is found in eastern North America, from Maine, west to southern Ontario and South Dakota, south to northernmost Florida and southwest into the post oak savannah of east-central Texas. ![]() virginiana is called eastern juniper / redcedar. ![]() There are two varieties, which intergrade where they meet: The trees are usually dioecious, with pollen and seed cones on separate trees, yet some are monoecious. The pollen cones are 2–3 mm ( 1⁄ 16– 1⁄ 8 in) long and 1.5 mm ( 1⁄ 16 in) broad, shedding pollen in late winter or early spring. The juniper berry is an important winter food for many birds, which disperse the wingless seeds. The seed cones are 3–7 mm ( 1⁄ 8– 1⁄ 4 in) long, berry-like, dark purple-blue with a white wax cover giving an overall sky-blue color (though the wax often rubs off) they contain one to three (rarely up to four) seeds, and are mature in 6–8 months from pollination. The juvenile leaves are found on young plants up to 3 years old, and as scattered shoots on adult trees, usually in shade. The leaves are of two types sharp, spreading needle-like juvenile leaves 5–10 millimetres ( 3⁄ 16– 3⁄ 8 in) long, and tightly adpressed scale-like adult leaves 2–4 mm ( 1⁄ 16– 3⁄ 16 in) long they are arranged in opposite decussate pairs or occasionally whorls of three. ![]() The bark is reddish-brown, fibrous, and peels off in narrow strips. The oldest tree reported, from West Virginia, was 940 years old. Juniperus virginiana is a dense slow-growing coniferous evergreen tree that may never become more than a bush on poor soil, but is ordinarily from 5–20 metres (16–66 feet) tall, with a short trunk 30–100 centimetres (12–39 inches) in diameter, rarely to 27 m (89 ft) in height and 170 cm (67 in) in diameter. Juniperus virginiana foliage and mature cones ![]()
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